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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that associated with abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism which results in chronic complications. Attainment of optimal blood sugar level is generally based on appropriate usage and proper adherence to prescribed medications. The study was, therefore, aimed to assess adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs among diabetic patients attending outpatient clinic of L. L. R. Hospital, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, U.P.Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 2017 to June 2018. The data was collected by interviewing T2DM patients receiving antidiabetic medications using Morisky’s four item adherence assessment questionnaire. The collected data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version 20.Results: From the 126 patients of diabetes, when asked about adherence to their medications as per the Morisky's four item method, 114 (90.47%) of them did not forget to take the drugs, 108 (85.71%) of patients reported that they had been being careful in taking their medications, 90 (71.42%) patients did not stop medications when they felt better and the other 108 (85.71%) patients reported that they did not stop medications when they felt worse while taking medications. This study shows that 54 (42.86%) respondents were adherent to their medications.Conclusions: This study revealed a moderate level of adherence among the participants and statistically significantly depended upon their socioeconomic status. Efforts are needed to increase the medication adherence of these patients’, so they can realize the full advantage of prescribed therapies.
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Background: Lipid profile parameters may be used as biomarker for depression. Sertraline belongs to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most commonly used group to treat the depression in multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients.Methods: A prospective clinical trial was carried out in department of Psychiatry and department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory disease G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. Diagnosed MDR TB patients were screened for depression applying Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and these patients were referred to Psychiatrist for diagnosis of depression. Total 25 diagnosed patients of MDR TB with mild to moderate depression were selected. HDRS Score and morning blood sample of 5ml were collected to analyze biomarker for depression before intervention. Same test was repeated in 18 patients who completed the study at day 30 and 120 after administering Sertraline (50mg). Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and paired t - test.Results: The mean decrease in HDRS score from base line at day 30 and 120 of administering Sertraline were 6.22 (±1.26) and 2.72 (±0.67) which were significant (p?0.001). The mean increase in serum cholesterol at day 30 was 153.94 (±19.31) and at day 120 was 157.83 (±19.36) which were significant (p?0.001). Rest of Tg, HDLc, LDLc and VLDL cholesterole levels were not increased significantly.Conclusions: As the depression symptoms improved by sertraline. The biomarkers of depression were also increased (within the normal range) from baseline but significant increase was observed in serum cholesterol only.
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Introduction: Centchroman is an effective oral contraceptive has a good patient acceptability and compliance due to its minimal side effects, low cost and simple dosage schedule. This study was undertaken to study the adverse drug reactions of centchroman used for contraceptive purpose. Material and Methods: The cases were selected from the patients attending post partum programme centre and outdoor department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at LLRM Medical college and associated hospital, Meerut, UP, who were taking non-hormonal oral contraceptives (centchroman) preparations for a period of twelve months. Women of reproductive age groups were included and asked not to use any other method of contraception during the study. Every Woman was asked to report immediately if she develops any problem after taking pills and asked for regular follow up at every month. Results: During the study period, a total of 25 women receiving centchroman for contraception were evaluated. The most common adverse drug reaction reported was menstrual irregularity. After 6 months of therapy, 40% women presented with this complain. 12% cases presented with other complaints in form of abdominal pain and giddiness. Conclusion: Non-hormonal oral contraceptives (centchroman) are quite safe regarding adverse effect but menstrual irregularities are the major limiting factor for its use as contraceptive.
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Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is recognized as a major cause of blindness among children in India. Aims & Objective: The study was planned to find out prevalence Of VAD in rural children. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was undertaken amongst children (0-15 years) in a rural area selected by simple random sampling out of villages under a Primary Health Centre. Out of 844 children 802 participated in study. WHO classification of xerophthalmia was adopted in study to find out prevalence. Results: Overall prevalence of xerophthalmia was 5.4 %. Only the milder manifestations of xerophthalmia viz. night blindness and Bitot’s spots were observed. Not a single case of active corneal involvement was seen. Prevalence of Bitot’s spots was 0.9 % in children under 6 years of age and 3.3 % in children above 6 years of age. Prevalence of xerophthalmia was significantly more in older children. Higher prevalence (Not significant) was observed in males, lower socioeconomic status as well as in large family. Overall prevalence of anaemia was found 11.8 % in study population. Significantly high prevalence of xerophthalmia (Odds ratio 5.7) was observed in children suffering from anaemia. Conclusion: Presence of milder manifestation of xerophthalmia and 0.9 % prevalence of Bitot’s spots in children under 6 years of age in present study shows declining trend of VAD (but still a public health problem since prevalence is more than 0.5 %) and 3.3 % prevalence in children above 6 years of age shows that apart from strengthening of Vitamin A prophylaxis programme to increase coverage, health education is needed for dietary diversification to include vegetables and fruits in the diet for long-term sustainability in improving vitamin A status of children of all age
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Background & objectives: Resistance amongst cockroaches has been reported to most of the spray insecticides apart from the problem of food contamination and inconvenience. Gel baits which can be selectively applied have been found effective in control of cockroaches in laboratory studies but very few field studies are available. This trial was planned to evaluate the efficacy of fipronil (0.01%) and imidacloprid (2.15%) gels over synthetic pyrethroid (0.02% deltamethrin + 0.13% allethrin) and propoxur (2%) aerosols in control of cockroaches in the field. Methods: Survey was done to find out pre-treatment density in catering establishments and houses by visual count and sticky trap methods. A total of 10 catering establishments and 10 houses having high cockroach infestation were selected by sampling (two catering establishments and houses for each insecticidal treatment and two for control). Propoxur and synthetic pyrethroid aerosols were used for spraying the infested sites once only. Single application of fipronil and imidacloprid gels was used as crack and crevice treatment. Visual count method gave better indications of cockroach infestation as compared to sticky trap method, hence, the same was followed for post-treatment evaluation every week up to 12 weeks. Results: Synthetic pyrethroid could not bring about the desired reduction in cockroach infestation in the present study. Single application of fipronil gel was able to reduce cockroach infestation up to 96.8% at the end of 12 weeks whereas imidacloprid application resulted in 90.9% reduction and propoxur resulted in 77.5%. However, propoxur was more effective in reducing the cockroach density by first week in comparison to imidacloprid and fipronil gels but its efficacy started declining after 8th week. Difference was found statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis H-test. Conclusion: The study reports the efficacy of propoxur aerosol, imidacloprid gel and fipronil gel baits for control of cockroaches.